If You Exile Ramos

4th President of East timor (2007 to 2012)

In this Portuguese name, the get-go or maternal family name is Ramos and the second or paternal family name is Horta.

José Ramos-Horta GColIH GCL
Ramos-Horta in 2019
fourth President of Democratic republic of timor-leste
In function 17 April 2008 – 20 May 2012
Prime Minister	Xanana Gusmão
Preceded past	Fernando de Araújo (Acting)
Succeeded by	Taur Matan Ruak
In office 20 May 2007 – eleven February 2008
Prime number Minister	Estanislau da Silva Xanana Gusmão
Preceded past	Xanana Gusmão
Succeeded by	Vicente Guterres (Acting)
3rd Prime Minister of East Timor
In function 26 June 2006 – xix May 2007
President	Xanana Gusmão
Preceded by	Mari Alkatiri
Succeeded past	Estanislau da Silva
Personal details
Born	José Manuel Ramos-Horta (1949-12-26) 26 December 1949 (age 72) Dili, Portuguese Timor (at present East timor)
Political party	Independent
Other political affiliations	Fretilin (until 1988)
Spouse(s)	Ana Pessoa (Divorced)
Children	i
Alma mater	Antioch Higher Busan University of Foreign Studies
Signature

José Manuel Ramos-Horta GColIH GCL (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ ˈʁɐ̃muz ˈɔɾtɐ]; born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician who was the President of East Timor from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012. Previously, he was Minister of Foreign Diplomacy from 2002 to 2006 and Prime Minister from 2006 to 2007. He is a co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, for working "towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in Democratic republic of timor-leste".

Equally a founder and former member of Fretilin, Ramos-Horta served as the exiled spokesman for the East Timorese resistance during the years of the Indonesian occupation of Democratic republic of timor-leste (1975–1999). While he continued to work with Fretilin, Ramos-Horta resigned from the political party in 1988, condign an contained politico.^[1]

Afterwards East timor achieved independence in 2002, Ramos-Horta was appointed as the country's starting time foreign minister. He served in this position until his resignation on 25 June 2006, amidst political turmoil. On 26 June, post-obit the resignation of Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri, Ramos-Horta was appointed as acting Prime Minister by President Xanana Gusmão. 2 weeks subsequently, on x July 2006, he was sworn in equally the second Prime Minister of East Timor. He was elected as President in 2007. On 11 Feb 2008, Ramos-Horta was shot during an assassination attempt.

After leaving office as President in 2012, Ramos-Horta was appointed as the United Nations' Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Function in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) on 2 January 2013.

Early history and family [edit]

Of mestiço ethnicity,^[2] Ramos-Horta was born in 1949 in Dili, capital of Democratic republic of timor-leste, to a Timorese mother and a Portuguese male parent who had been exiled to what was so Portuguese Timor by the Salazar dictatorship. He was educated in a Catholic mission in the small village of Soibada, subsequently chosen by Fretilin every bit headquarters after the Indonesian invasion. Of his xi brothers and sisters, four were killed past the Indonesian military.

Ramos-Horta studied Public International Police force at The Hague University of International Law in 1983 and at Antioch College in Xanthous Springs, Ohio—where he completed a Main of Arts degree in Peace Studies—in 1984. He was trained in Man Rights Law at the International Institute of Homo Rights in Strasbourg in 1983. He completed post-graduate courses in American foreign policy at Columbia University in 1983.^{[iii] [four]} He is a Senior Acquaintance Member of the University of Oxford's St Antony'due south College since 1987 and speaks fluently in v languages: Portuguese, English language, French, Spanish, and the most commonly spoken East Timorese language, Tetum.^[5]

He is divorced from Ana Pessoa Pinto, Due east Timor's Minister for Land and Internal Assistants, with whom he has a son, Loro Horta, who was born in exile in Mozambique.^[6]

Political career [edit]

He was actively involved in the development of political awareness in Portuguese Timor, which caused him to be exiled for two years in 1970–71 to Portuguese East Africa. His grandfather, before him, had also been exiled, from Portugal to the Azores Islands, then Greatcoat Verde, Portuguese Guinea and finally to Portuguese Timor.

A moderate in the emerging Timorese nationalist leadership, he was appointed Foreign Minister in the "Autonomous Republic of East Timor" government proclaimed by the pro-independence parties in Nov 1975. When appointed minister, Ramos-Horta was only 25 years old. 3 days earlier the Indonesian troops invaded, Ramos-Horta left East Timor to plead the Timorese example earlier the Un.

Ramos-Horta arrived in New York to accost the UN Security Council and urge them to have activeness in the face of the Indonesian occupation during which an estimated 102,000 East Timorese would die.^[7] Ramos-Horta was the Permanent Representative of Fretilin to the UN for the next x years. His friends at that fourth dimension mentioned that he arrived in the United States with a total of $25 in his pocket. His pecuniary situation was often straitened in that period. He survived partly by grace of Americans who admired his politics and his determination. Farther, he was obliged to travel worldwide to explain his party'southward position.

In 1993, the Rafto Prize was awarded to the people of East Timor. Foreign-minister-in-exile Ramos-Horta represented his nation at the prize ceremony. In May 1994, Philippine President Fidel Ramos (no relation), bowing to pressure from Jakarta, tried to ban an international briefing on Eastward Timor in Manila and blacklisted Ramos-Horta, with the Thai government following suit later that year by declaring him persona non grata.^[8]

In December 1996, Ramos-Horta shared the Nobel Peace Prize with swain Timorese, Bishop Ximenes Belo. The Nobel Committee chose to honor the 2 laureates for their "sustained efforts to hinder the oppression of a minor people", hoping that "this award will spur efforts to observe a diplomatic solution to the conflict of East Timor based on the people's correct to cocky-determination". The Committee considered Ramos-Horta "the leading international spokesman for Democratic republic of timor-leste's cause since 1975".^[9]

Ramos-Horta played a leading role in negotiating the institutional foundations for independence. He led the Timorese delegation at an important joint workshop with UNTAET on 1 March 2000 to tease out a new strategy, and identify institutional needs. The outcome was an agreed design for a joint administration with executive powers, including leaders of the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT). Further details were worked out in a conference in May 2000. The Special Representative of the United nations Secretary-General in Democratic republic of timor-leste, Sérgio Vieira de Mello, presented the new blueprint to a donor conference in Lisbon,^[x] on 22 June 2000, and to the UN Security Council on 27 June 2000.^[11] On 12 July 2000, the NCC adopted a regulation establishing a Transitional Cabinet composed of four Due east Timorese and 4 UNTAET representatives.^[12] The revamped joint assistants successfully laid the institutional foundations for independence, and on 27 September 2002, East Timor joined the United nations. Ramos-Horta was its first Foreign Government minister.

On 3 June 2006, Ramos-Horta added the post of Interim Government minister of Defense to his portfolio every bit Foreign Minister, in the wake of the resignations of the previous minister.^[13] He resigned as both Foreign and Defense force Minister on 25 June 2006, announcing, "I practise not wish to be associated with the present government or with any regime involving Alkatiri."^[fourteen] Prime Government minister Alkatiri had been under pressure to resign his position in identify of President Xanana Gusmão, but in a 25 June meeting, leaders of the Fretilin political party agreed to proceed Alkatiri as Prime number Government minister; Ramos-Horta resigned immediately post-obit this decision.^[xv] Foreign Government minister of Australia Alexander Downer expressed his personal thwarting at Ramos-Horta'south resignation.^[16] Post-obit Alkatiri'due south resignation on 26 June, Ramos-Horta withdrew his resignation to competition the prime number ministership and served in the position on a temporary footing until a successor to Alkatiri was named.^[17] On 8 July 2006, Ramos-Horta himself was appointed Prime Minister by President Gusmão.^[18] He was sworn in on 10 July.

Before his engagement as Prime Minister, Ramos-Horta was considered a possible candidate to succeed Kofi Annan as United nations Secretary-General.^[nineteen] He dropped out of the race in order to serve as East Timor'south Prime number Government minister, but he has indicated that he might run for the UN position at some time in the future: "I can wait 5 years if I am really interested in the job in 2012. I would exist interested in that."^[20]

In an interview with Al Jazeera broadcast on 22 Feb 2007, Ramos-Horta said that he would run for president in the April 2007 election.^[21] On 25 Feb 2007, Ramos-Horta formally announced his candidacy. He received the back up of Gusmão, who was non running for re-election.^[22] In an interview with Global Southward Evolution Magazine, Ramos-Horta revealed that Mahatma Gandhi was his greatest hero.^[23]

In the outset circular of the election, held on 9 April, Ramos-Horta took 2d place with 21.81% of the vote; he and Fretilin candidate Francisco Guterres, who took first identify, then participated in the second round of the election in May.^[24] The total results of the runoff elections were made public by Democratic republic of timor-leste's National Electoral Committee spokeswoman, Maria Angelina Sarmento, on 11 May, and Ramos-Horta won with 69% of the vote.^[25]

He was inaugurated as President of E Timor in a ceremony at the parliament business firm in Dili on twenty May 2007.^[26] He had resigned as Prime Government minister the day before and was succeeded past Estanislau da Silva.

During the first round of the presidential elections of 2012, held on 17 March, Ramos-Horta, who was eligible for a second and final term as president, took 3rd place with xix.43% of the vote behind the presidential candidates Francisco Guterres with 27.28% and Taur Matan Ruak 24.17% of the vote. He admitted defeat,^[27] and his term every bit president ended on nineteen May, with the inauguration of Taur Matan Ruak every bit his successor.^{[28] [29]}

Assassination attempt [edit]

On 11 Feb 2008, José Ramos-Horta was shot in an assassination attempt. In the gun skirmish, 1 of Ramos-Horta's guards was wounded, and two insubordinate soldiers, including rebel leader Alfredo Reinado, were killed.^{[30] [31]} Ramos-Horta was treated at a New Zealand War machine base in Dili earlier being transferred to the Royal Darwin Infirmary in Australia for further treatment. Doctors idea that he had been shot two or 3 times with the nigh serious injury existence to his right lung.^[32] His condition was listed as critical just stable.^[33] He was placed in an induced coma on full life support,^[34] and regained consciousness on 21 Feb.^[35] A bulletin from Ramos-Horta, still recovering in Darwin, was broadcast on 12 March. In this message, he thanked his supporters and Australia and said that he had "been very well looked later on". A spokesman said that his status was improving and that he had started taking short daily walks for exercise.^[36]

Ramos-Horta was released from the Purple Darwin Hospital on nineteen March, although he said that he would stay in Commonwealth of australia for physical therapy for "a few more weeks". He also said on this occasion that he had remained witting following the shooting and "remember[ed] every detail", describing how he was taken for treatment.^[37] On 17 Apr, Ramos-Horta returned to Dili from Darwin. He gave a printing conference at the airport in which he urged the remaining rebels in the mountains to give up.^[38]

Postal service-presidency [edit]

Post-obit the 2012 Republic of guinea-bissau coup d'état, he offered to mediate the conflict. As of 31 January 2013 he is the UN special envoy to the country.^[39]

He is the author of the book Words of Promise in Troubled Times.^[40]

Other activities [edit]

Ramos-Horta and the Obamas

Ramos-Horta is a frequent speaker, along with other Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, at Peacejam conferences.^{[ commendation needed ]} He has served equally Chairman of the Advisory Board for TheCommunity.com, a spider web site for peace and human rights, since 2000. In 2001 he gathered the post nine/11 statements of 28 Nobel Peace Prize Laureates on the spider web site,^[41] and has spearheaded other peace initiatives with his fellow Nobel Laureates.

Ramos-Horta supported the U.S. invasion and occupation of Republic of iraq and condemned the anti-American tone of its detractors as "hypocritical".^[42] In the 1990s he had supported the crusade of Kurdish people in Iraq.^[43]

In May 2009 Ramos-Horta stated that he would enquire the International Criminal Court to investigate the ruling junta of Myanmar if they continue to detain swain Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi.^[44] Notwithstanding, by August 2010, he had softened his views on Myanmar, warmly receiving the Myanmar Foreign Minister Nyan Win, and said that he wanted to meliorate relations and seek potent commercial ties with Myanmar.^[45]

Ramos-Horta is an early on signatory of the International Simultaneous Policy (SIMPOL) which seeks to stop the usual deadlock in tackling global bug. Lucas became a signatory in 2006.^[46]

On five August 2009, he attended the funeral of the former President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino. He was the but foreign head of state to nourish.^[47] On xxx June 2010, he attended the inauguration of Benigno S. Aquino Three, the 15th President of the Philippines. He was, again, the only head of country who attended the inauguration and the first dignitary to make it in the Philippines for the inauguration..^{[ commendation needed ]} The two attendances finer solidified East Timorese-Filipino diplomatic relations, to an extent where Filipino back up for East Timorese ascent to Association of southeast asian nations favorably increased.^{[ citation needed ]}

Ramos-Horta is a Fellow member of the Global Leadership Foundation, an organisation which works to support democratic leadership, forestall and resolve conflict through mediation and promote skilful governance in the class of democratic institutions, open markets, homo rights and the rule of police force. It does so by making available, discreetly and in conviction, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a non-for-turn a profit system composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organisation officials who work closely with Heads of Regime on governance-related issues of business organisation to them.

In Baronial 2017, 10 Nobel Peace Prize laureates, including Ramos-Horta, urged Saudi Arabia to stop the executions of 14 young people for participating in the 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests.^[48]

He is besides a television presenter of Horta Show in Radio-Televisão Timor Leste.

Awards [edit]

Nobel Prize [edit]

The Roman Catholic bishop Ximenes Belo of Due east Timor and Ramos-Horta were jointly awarded the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts.

Other Awards [edit]

• Golden Plate Award of the American University of Accomplishment (2002)^[49]

Honours [edit]

Depictions in Movie [edit]

The 2000 documentary The Diplomat, directed past Tom Zubrycki, follows Ramos-Horta in the menstruum from 1998 to his return to East Timor in 2000.^{[53] [54]} Ramos-Horta is played by Oscar Isaac in the 2009 film Balibo.^[55] The picture tells the story of the Balibo Five and the events preceding the Indonesian occupation of East Timor.^[56]

See also [edit]

• 2007 Eastward Timorese presidential ballot
• 2012 Eastward Timorese presidential election
• List of peace activists

References [edit]

1. ^ Lindsay Murdoch (10 July 2006). "Ramos Horta vows to rebuild Timor". The Age. Melbourne. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
2. ^ Dr. José Ramos-Horta Archived 14 Feb 2008 at the Wayback Machine
3. ^ "José Manuel Ramos-Horta". Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
4. ^ Mitworld Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
5. ^ "Jose Ramos-Horta: A reluctant politician". Retrieved 22 March 2017.
6. ^ YaleGlobal Online Archived 2 April 2011 at the Wayback Car
7. ^ A detailed statistical report prepared for the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in Democratic republic of timor-leste cited a lower range of 102,800 disharmonize-related deaths in the menstruation 1974–1999, namely, approximately xviii,600 killings and 84,200 'backlog' deaths from hunger and disease. ( Benetech Human Rights Data Assay Group (ix February 2006). "The Profile of Human Rights Violations in Timor-Leste, 1974–1999". A Report to the Committee on Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste. Human Rights Data Analysis Grouping (HRDAG). Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2008.
8. ^ "Asia Times: Asean's delivery to East timor faces tough test". Archived from the original on 29 September 2000. Retrieved 22 March 2017. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
9. ^ The Norwegian Nobel Committee (2006). The Nobel Peace Prize 1996. Retrieved 26 June 2006.
10. ^ "New structure of NCC proposed". 21 June 2000.
11. ^ "SC/6882 : Security Council briefed past Sergio Vieira de Mello, Special representative for Due east Timor". 27 June 2000.
12. ^ "?". Archived from the original on 19 April 2008.
13. ^ Seattle Times (3 June 2003). Nobel laureate takes security posts Archived 11 March 2007 at the Wayback Automobile.
14. ^ Australian Associated Press (2006). Timor'south foreign minister resigns. Retrieved 25 June 2006.
15. ^ Associated Press (2006). Alkatiri to remain as PM. Retrieved 25 June 2006.
16. ^ AM (2006). Downer disappointed by Horta resignation. Retrieved 26 June 2006.
17. ^ Reuters (2006). Jose Ramos-Horta to be East Timor prime minister Archived xviii January 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved eight July 2006.
18. ^ Associated Press (2006). Ramos-Horta named Eastward Timor's new PM Archived xiv July 2006 at the Wayback Car. Retrieved viii July 2006.
19. ^ UNSG.org (2006). Spec growing on Ramos-Horta Archived xvi August 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
20. ^ The Courier Mail (2006). Ramos Horta 'on PM shortlist'. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
21. ^ "East Timor PM to run for president" Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Al Jazeera, 22 February 2007.
22. ^ "Nobel laureate Jose Ramos-Horta to run for president in Democratic republic of timor-leste", Associated Printing (International Herald Tribune), 24 February 2007.
23. ^ "We resisted the temptation of violence"- Ramos-Horta, GSDM 14 February 2015.
24. ^ "Two prepare to square off for presidency", AAP (news.com.au), eighteen April 2007.
25. ^ "Guterres congratulates Horta as new president of Timor-Leste", Xinhua (People's Daily Online), 11 May 2007.
26. ^ "Ramos-Horta sworn in as E Timor president" ^{[ permanent dead link ]} , twenty May 2007.
27. ^ East Timor President Jose Ramos-Horta admits poll defeat BBC News, xix March 2012
28. ^ Kingsbury, Damien Timor election a fundamental examination of stability Sydney Morn Herald, 17 Apr 2012
29. ^ Powles, Anna Nationalism and nostalgia win in Timor Leste Asia Times, 27 April 2012
30. ^ "Ramos-Horta wounded". The Sydney Morn Herald. eleven February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
31. ^ "Ramos Horta wounded, Reinado dead in Timor assault". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. xi February 2008. Retrieved eleven Feb 2008.
32. ^ Australian troops arrive in Democratic republic of timor-leste. AP, 12 Feb 2008.
33. ^ "Ramos-Horta on fashion to Darwin". Archived from news.com.au/story the original on xv February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
34. ^ "East Timor leader 'in induced blackout'". BBC News. London. xi February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
35. ^ "Ramos-Horta regains consciousness". ABC News. 21 Feb 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
36. ^ Ed Johnson, "East timor's Ramos-Horta Cheers Supporters From Infirmary Bed", Bloomberg.com, 12 March 2008.
37. ^ "Timorese president leaves Australian hospital after handling following Feb. set on", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), nineteen March 2008.
38. ^ Lindsay Murdoch, "Emotional homecoming for Ramos Horta", theage.com.au, 17 Apr 2008.
39. ^ "E Timor'southward Jose Ramos-Horta gets Un Republic of guinea-bissau part". BBC News. 1 January 2013.
40. ^ Carvalho, Raquel (6 September 2018). "Chinese influence on rise in Democratic republic of timor-leste? 'Nonsense', says one-time president José Ramos-Horta". Southward Mainland china Morning Post. Notwithstanding, Ramos-Horta – who is in Hong Kong to launch his book Words of Hope in Troubled Times – expects greater cooperation in the future.
41. ^ "Cnn Alive This Morning". CNN. seven February 2001. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
42. ^ U.S. Soldiers Are The Real Heroes In Iraq, Wall Street Journal 17 Oct 2005
43. ^ Jose Ramos Horta, Nobel Peace Laureate, Speaks for Leyla Zana 28 May 1997 Archived 27 Nov 2008 at the Wayback Machine
44. ^ Arkar Moe (20 May 2009). "Is it Time to Have Than Shwe to International Criminal Court?". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 6 June 2009.
45. ^ "Timor Leste seeks 'strong' commercial ties with Myanmar". The Brunei Times. 21 August 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July 2013. Retrieved iv Oct 2010.
46. ^ About Archived 29 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine Simpol-Britain (International Simultaneous Policy System)
47. ^ "Thousands attend Aquino funeral". v Baronial 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2018 – via news.bbc.co.united kingdom.
48. ^ "Nobel laureates urge Saudi king to halt 14 executions". National Mail service. 11 August 2017.
49. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
50. ^ ^{a b} "CIDADÃOS ESTRANGEIROS AGRACIADOS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS - Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas". www.ordens.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved vi August 2017.
51. ^ Governor-General of Commonwealth of australia Archived 7 March 2014 at the Wayback Automobile. Retrieved 28 January 2014
52. ^ "Ramos-Horta to receive Social club of Australia". 25 November 2013. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
53. ^ "The Diplomat (2000)". IMDB. Archived from the original on 2 Nov 2004. Retrieved sixteen January 2010.
54. ^ "A Place to Call back: The Diplomat (2000)". ABC. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
55. ^ "Balibo (2009)". IMDB. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
56. ^ Davies, Luke (Baronial 2009). "Robert Connolly's 'Balibo'". The Monthly . Retrieved 22 August 2009.

Further reading [edit]

• Nicol, Bill (2002). "Chapter Twelve: Horta: Profile of a Pragmatist". Timor: A Nation Reborn. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. pp. 121–155. ISBN979958986X.

External links [edit]

Political offices
Preceded by Mari Alkatiri	Prime Government minister of Democratic republic of timor-leste 2006–2007	Succeeded past Estanislau da Silva
Preceded by Xanana Gusmão	President of East Timor 2007–2008	Succeeded by Vicente Guterres Acting
Preceded by Fernando de Araújo Acting	President of East timor 2008–2012	Succeeded by Taur Matan Ruak

jackamans1975.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta

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